ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: There are no studies on adults with unilateral brain lesions regarding story reading with incidental/implicit comprehension and memory, in which memory is only assessed through delayed recall. There is a need for validation of cerebral laterality in this type of verbal recall, which includes spontaneous performance (free or uncued condition (UC)), and induced-through-question performance regarding the forgotten units (cued condition (CC)). Objectives: To explore the effects of unilateral brain lesions, of oral reading with expression (RE) and comprehension (RC) on delayed recall of a story, as either UC or CC; and to validate the ability of UC and CC to discriminate the side of brain injury. Methods: Data were obtained from 200 right-handed volunteers, among whom 42 had left-hemisphere injury (LHI), 49 had right-hemisphere injury (RHI) and 109 were demographically-matched healthy participants (HP). Patients who were unable to read, understand or speak were excluded. Results: LHI individuals presented impairment of both UC and CC, in relation to the other two groups (non-LHI) with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. LHI and RHI individuals were not significantly different in RE and RC, but they were both different from HP in all the assessments except CC, in which RHI individuals resembled HP. Despite this lack of abnormality in RHI individuals during CC, about half of this group showed impairment in UC. Additionally, whereas RE had a significant effect on UC, the moral of the story (RC) had a significant effect on both UC and CC. Conclusions: The left hemisphere was dominant for this memory task involving implicit processing.
RESUMEN Antecedentes: No existen estudios en adultos con lesiones cerebrales unilaterales sobre la lectura de una historia, con comprensión y memoria incidental/implícita, midiendo sólo el recuerdo diferido. Se necesita validar la lateralidad cerebral en este tipo de recuerdo verbal que incluye: desempeño espontáneo (condición sin claves (CS) o libre) y desempeño inducido con preguntas sobre las unidades olvidadas (condición con claves (CC)). Objetivos: Explorar el efecto de las lesiones cerebrales unilaterales, la lectura expresiva (LE) y la comprensiva (LC), sobre el recuerdo diferido de una historia, sea CS o CC. Validar CS y CC en su capacidad para discriminar el lado de la lesión cerebral. Métodos: Los datos se obtuvieron de 200 voluntarios diestros, 42 con lesiones del hemisferio izquierdo (LHI), 49 con lesiones del hemisferio derecho (LHD), y 109 participantes sanos (PS), equiparados demográficamente. Se excluyeron los pacientes que no pudieron leer, entender o hablar. Resultados: LHI resultó perjudicado respecto de los otros dos grupos (no-LHI) en CS y CC, con una sensibilidad y especificidad superior al 70%. LHI y LHD no se diferenciaron significativamente en LE ni LC, pero ambos fueron diferentes de los PS en todas las evaluaciones excepto CC, en donde LHD se asemejó a los PS. A pesar de esta ausencia de anomalía en LHD durante CC, aproximadamente la mitad de LHD mostró deterioro en CS. Además, mientras que LE tuvo un efecto significativo en CS, la moraleja de la historia (LC) tuvo un efecto significativo tanto en CS como en CC. Conclusiones: El hemisferio izquierdo fue dominante para esta tarea de memoria que involucró procesamiento implícito.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Reading , Comprehension , Mental Recall , Dominance, Cerebral , Functional Laterality , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop and standardize the Limb and Oral Apraxia Test (LOAT) for Korean patients and investigate its reliability, validity, and clinical usefulness for patients with stroke. METHODS: We developed the LOAT according to a cognitive neuropsychological model of limb and oral praxis. The test included meaningless, intransitive, transitive, and oral praxis composed of 72 items (56 items on limb praxis and 16 items on oral praxis; maximum score 216). We standardized the LOAT in a nationwide sample of 324 healthy adults. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity tests were performed in patients with stroke. We prospectively applied the LOAT in 80 patients and analyzed the incidence of apraxia. We also compared the clinical characteristics between the apraxia and non-apraxia groups. RESULTS: The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha=0.952). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity were also high (r=0.924–0.992, 0.961–0.999, and 0.830, respectively; p0.05). Among the 80 patients with stroke, 19 (23.8%) had limb apraxia and 21 (26.3%) had oral apraxia. Left hemispheric lesions and aphasia were significantly more frequently observed in the limb/oral apraxia group than in the non-apraxia group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The LOAT is a newly developed comprehensive test for limb and oral apraxia for Korean patients with stroke. It has high internal consistency, reliability, and validity and is a useful apraxia test for patients with stroke.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Aphasia , Apraxias , Dominance, Cerebral , Education , Extremities , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , StrokeABSTRACT
É da natureza dos seres humanos apresentarem preferências na realização de tarefas do dia-a-dia. Esta preferência está associada à lateralidade. Um dos campos de estudo sobre a lateralidade é a assimetria lateral, que está presente tanto na dimensão da preferência quanto no desempenho. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a assimetria de força de preensão manual entre os sexos, e identificar se há associação entre assimetria de desempenho e assimetria de preferência. Método: A amostra foi composta por 50 estudantes universitários que realizaram teste de força de preensão manual máxima. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que o os homens apresentaram valores absolutos maiores, maior índice de assimetria e menor consistência quando comparados às mulheres. Além disso, a mão preferida apresentou valores maiores de força em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: Em linhas gerais, sugere-se que fatores genéticos, sociais, culturais e sexo influenciam o comportamento motor dos indivíduos e, consequentemente, as assimetrias de desempenho.
It is of the nature of human beings to have preferences to performing daily tasks. This preference is associated with the laterality. One of the fields of the laterality study is lateral asymmetry, that is present in both preference and performance dimensions. Aim: This study aimed to compare manual grip strength asymmetry between genders and to identify if there is an association between asymmetry of performance and preference asymmetry. Method: The sample consisted of 50 university students who performed maximum manual grip strength tests. Results: The results indicated that the men had higher absolute values, higher Asymmetry Index and lower consistency when compared to the women. In addition, the preferred hand presented higher strength values in both sexes. Conclusion: In general, it is suggested that genetic, social, cultural and gender factors influence the motor behavior of the individuals and consequently the appearance of the lateral asymmetries.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Muscle Strength , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Functional Laterality , Dominance, Cerebral , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de 21 estudiantes que cursaban la carrera de medicina, los cuales se encontraban en estado de hipnosis, atendidos en el Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2014 hasta junio del 2015, con vistas a identificar las medidas espectrales de banda ancha sensibles en la determinación de la dominancia cerebral durante dicho estado. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: nivel de profundidad hipnótica, medidas espectrales de banda ancha y derivación. Se utilizó el estadígrafo false discovery rate como prueba de hipótesis para validar la información estadística y el análisis de varianza multivariado Manova. Los resultados revelaron que el poder relativo theta resultó ser la medida espectral con modificaciones más significativas y mostró un predominio discreto de la energía en el hemisferio izquierdo. Se concluyó que este hallazgo tuvo lugar como consecuencia de las tareas indicadas durante la hipnosis
A quasi-experiment of 21 students that were studying the medicine career, who were in hypnosis state, assisted in Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from September, 2014 to June, 2015, aimed at identifying the wide band spectral measures sensitive in the determination of cerebral dominance during this state. Among the analyzed variables we can mention: level of hypnotic depth and spectral measures of wide band and derivation. The false discovery rate stadigraph was used as hypothesis test to validate the statistical information and the Manova multivaried analysis of variance. The results revealed that theta relative power was the spectral measure with more significant modifications and showed a discreet prevalence of energy in the left hemisphere. It was concluded that this finding took place as a consequence of the given tasks during hypnosis
Subject(s)
Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Electroencephalography/psychology , Hypnosis , Hypnosis/methods , Secondary Care , Models, StatisticalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT We report an analysis of the cranial venous sinuses circulation, emphasizing morphological and angiographic characteristics. Methods Data of 100 cerebral angiographies were retrospectively analyzed (p = 0.05). Results Mean age was 56.3 years, 62% female and 38% male. Measurements and dominance are shown in the Tables. There was no association between age or gender and dominance. Right parasagittal division of the superior sagittal sinus was associated with right dominance of the transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein; and left parasagittal division of the superior sagittal sinus was associated with left dominance of the transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein. Conclusion A dominance pattern of cranial venous sinuses was found. Age and gender did not influence this pattern. Angiographic findings, such as division of the superior sagittal sinus, were associated with a pattern of cranial venous dominance. We hope this article can add information and assist in preoperative venous analysis for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.
RESUMO Relatamos uma análise da circulação dos seios venoso cranianos, enfatizando características morfológicas e angiográficas. Métodos Dados de 100 angiografias cerebrais foram retrospectivamente analisados (p = 0,05). Resultados Média de idade 56,3 anos, 62% feminino e 38% masculino. Medições e dominância expostos em tabelas. Sem associação entre idade ou sexo e dominância. Divisão parassagittal direita do Seio Sagital Superior (SSS) foi associada com dominância direita do Seio Transverso (ST), Seio Sigmóide (SS) e Veia Jugular Interna (VJI), e divisão parassagittal esquerda do SSS foi associada com dominância esquerda do ST, SS e VJI. Conclusão Um padrão de dominância dos seios venosos do crânio foi encontrado. Idade e sexo não influenciaram esse padrão. Achados angiográficos, como divisão do SSS, foram associados com o padrão de dominância venoso cerebral. Esperamos que este artigo acrescente informações e auxilie na análise venosa pré-operatória para neurocirurgiões e neuroradiologistas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cerebral Veins/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Angiography , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Cranial Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Dominance, Cerebral , Cerebral Veins/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Cranial Sinuses/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to assess the strengths and difficulties in word and pseudoword writing in adults with left- and right-hemisphere strokes, and discuss the profiles of acquired dysgraphia in these individuals. Methods: The profiles of six adults with acquired dysgraphia in left- or right-hemisphere strokes were investigated by comparing their performance on word and pseudoword writing tasks against that of neurologically healthy adults. A case series analysis was performed on the patients whose impairments on the task were indicative of acquired dysgraphia. Results: Two patients were diagnosed with lexical dysgraphia (one with left hemisphere damage, and the other with right hemisphere damage), one with phonological dysgraphia, another patient with peripheral dysgraphia, one patient with mixed dysgraphia and the last with dysgraphia due to damage to the graphemic buffer. The latter patients all had left-hemisphere damage (LHD). The patterns of impairment observed in each patient were discussed based on the dual-route model of writing. Conclusion: The fact that most patients had LHD rather than right-hemisphere damage (RHD) highlights the importance of the former structure for word processing. However, the fact that lexical dysgraphia was also diagnosed in a patient with RHD suggests that these individuals may develop writing impairments due to damage to the lexical route, leading to heavier reliance on phonological processing. Our results are of significant importance to the planning of writing interventions in neuropsychology.
Objetivo: Investigar aspectos preservados e dificuldades na escrita de palavras e pseudopalavras em adultos que sofreram acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) à esquerda e à direita e discutir os perfis de disgrafia adquirida nesses indivíduos. Métodos: Investigaram-se perfis de disgrafia adquirida a partir da avaliação das habilidades e dificuldades na escrita de palavras e pseudopalavras de seis adultos que sofreram AVC no hemisfério direito (LHD) e no hemisfério esquerdo (LHE), comparados a adultos neurologicamente saudáveis. Realizou-se análise de séries de casos com os pacientes que apresentaram desempenho deficitário na escrita de palavras, que indicavam a presença de uma disgrafia adquirida. Resultados: Foram identificados dois casos com disgrafia lexical (sendo um com LHE e outro com LHD), um caso com disgrafia fonológica, um com disgrafia periférica, um com disgrafia mista e um com disgrafia por déficit no buffer grafêmico, todos estes com LHE. Destacou-se nesse estudo a heterogeneidade das habilidades linguísticas dos casos clínicos, discutidas de acordo com o modelo cognitivo de dupla-rota de escrita. Conclusão: O maior prejuízo encontrado nos pacientes com LHE ressalta a importância desse hemisfério cerebral para o processamento da escrita de palavras. A presença de um caso com LHD com perfil de disgrafia lexical destaca a necessidade de melhor estudar o papel do hemisfério direito no processamento de palavras. Espera-se que esse estudo contribua para o planejamento de estratégias de intervenção neuropsicológica direcionadas à escrita de palavras.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agraphia , Dominance, Cerebral , NeuropsychologyABSTRACT
Introducción. La resonancia magnética funcional es una técnica no invasiva que permite el mapeo cerebral y la visualización de redes de conectividad. La hemiparesia posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular constituye un buen modelo biológico para estudiar los cambios en la conectividad cerebral. El uso de este modelo se puede expandir si se obtiene información antes y después de la rehabilitación neurológica. Objetivo. Presentar los hallazgos por neuroimágenes funcionales de un paciente con accidente cerebrovascular antes y después del tratamiento de rehabilitación neurológica. Materiales y métodos. Como parte del protocolo de rehabilitación neurológica se tomaron imágenes de resonancia antes y después del tratamiento con un equipo que operaba a 1,5 T. Se obtuvieron imágenes volumétricas potenciadas en T1, imágenes de difusión para tractografía, imágenes de resonancia funcional con el paciente en reposo y haciendo movimientos de pinza con la mano derecha. Resultados. Se obtuvieron mapas funcionales antes y después de la terapia, los cuales se presentan conjuntamente con las imágenes de conectividad estructural obtenidas mediante tractografía. Se observó que los cambios clínicos estaban acompañados de cambios en los patrones de activación obtenidos por resonancia magnética funcional. Conclusión. La versatilidad que ofrece la resonancia magnética permite conocer el estado funcional y estructural del cerebro, generando así nuevas posibilidades de diagnóstico y pronóstico en pacientes que reciben rehabilitación neurológica, con lo que se pueden cuantificar y develar ciertos procesos dinámicos de plasticidad neuronal posteriores a una lesión, que son propios del sistema nervioso central.
Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that allows mapping and visualizing of brain connectivity networks. The hemiparesis after a stroke is a good biological model to study changes in brain connectivity. This model can be expanded if information is obtained before and after neurorehabilitation therapy. Objective: To present the functional neuroimaging findings in a patient with stroke before and after performing neurorehabilitation therapy. Materials and methods: As part of the neurorehabilitation protocol, resonance imaging was performed before and after treatment with an equipment operating at 1.5 T. Volumetric T1-weighted images, diffusion images for tractography, functional resonance images with the patient at rest and with the patient performing pincer movement with the right hand were obtained. Results: Functional maps before and after therapy were obtained, which are presented together with structural connectivity images obtained by tractography. Clinical changes can be seen accompanied by changes in activation patterns obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The versatility of magnetic resonance imaging allows further knowledge of the structural and functional state of the brain generating new possibilities for diagnosis and prognosis in patients undergoing neurorehabilitation therapy. Neurological rehabilitation processes can be quantified and they can reveal certain postlesional neuroplasticity dynamic processes that the central nervous system possesses.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Brain Mapping/methods , Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Paresis/rehabilitation , Pyramidal Tracts/pathology , Dominance, Cerebral , Hand/physiopathology , Motor Activity/physiology , Physical Therapy Modalities , Paresis/etiology , Reflex, Abnormal , Sepsis/complicationsABSTRACT
Research results with regard to handedness and dyslexia have been ambiguous. The present study investigated the relationship between handedness and dyslexia in secondary school students based on genetic (Right-Shift) and hormonal-developmental theories of handedness. A total of 135 students (45 dyslexics and 70 age- and sex-matched controls) participated in the study. Handedness was defined according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. We developed several classifications that represented various levels of handedness. Both continuous and dichotomous classifications of handedness revealed a small but reliable increase in the proportion of non-right-handers among dyslexics, likely because of the increased proportion of dyslexics among pure left-handers. Dyslexics did not display precisely the same pattern of right and left responses as controls, with some differences at the extremes of the continuum. The present results provide empirical support for Annett's (1985) Right-Shift theory predictions. Additionally, the present study indicates that using a numerical scoring system or dichotomous classifications with restricted criteria that permit the measurement of several degrees of handedness appears to better determine hand preference than using broad classifications into handedness groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Dyslexia/etiology , Dyslexia/genetics , Functional Laterality , Dominance, Cerebral , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Se sabe que el hemisferio dominante es el izquierdo en aproximadamente el 92 por ciento de las personas diestras y en más del 60 por ciento de las personas zurdas, pero no se sabe cuál hemisferio es el más afectado por los ACV siendo esto importante para el pronóstico del paciente. OBJETIVO GENERAL: DETERMINAR LA FRECUENCIA DEL ACV EN EL HEMISFERIO DOMINANTE EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS EN EL SERVICIO DE NEUROLOGIA DEL H.N.D.M - 2012. MATERIALES Y METODOS: El estudio duro todo el año 2012 es de tipo descriptivo prospectivo transversal se dio en los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de neurología del H.N.D.M. (Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo) que hayan sufrido un ACV ya sea hemorrágico o isquémico durante ese año. La población fue en promedio de 40 pacientes entre varones y mujeres, siendo este el promedio de los pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de ACV en el servicio de neurología del HNDM el 2010, 2011. La recolección de datos fue del paciente, sus familiares y las historias clínicas; esto se realizó en dos momentos una vez hospitalizado el paciente: 1.-Para determinar la dominancia hemisférica donde se usó el Inventario o protocolo de Edimburgo. 2.-El segundo momento fue para determinar el lado afectado por el ACV donde se usó una ficha de recolección de datos y una TAC cerebral. RESULTADOS: De los 40 pacientes el 57.5 por ciento (23 pacientes) fueron varones y 42.5 por ciento (17 pacientes) mujeres; de estos 12 pacientes tuvieron un ACV hemorrágico y 28 presentaron un ACV isquémico dentro de los cuales uno evoluciono a ACV isquémico hemorrágico; además de los 40 pacientes 24 correspondieron al hemisferio derecho (60 por ciento) y 16 al hemisferio izquierdo (40 por ciento). De los 24 pacientes afectados en el hemisferio derecho el 62.5 por ciento (15 pacientes) son del sexo masculino y 37.5 por ciento (9 pacientes) son del sexo femenino; y los pacientes afectados en el hemisferio izquierdo el 50 por ciento son varones y 50 por ciento mujeres. De todos...
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stroke , Dominance, Cerebral , Hospitalization , Prospective Studies , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Investigou comparativamente o processo de tomada de decisão de dois adultos pós-AVC unilateral e verificar o papel da lateralidade hemisférica na performance do Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Participaram um adulto com lesão de hemisfério direito (LHD) e outro com lesão de hemisfério esquerdo (LHE), ambos pós-AVC isquêmico subcortical. O IGT foi utilizado para avaliar a tomada de decisão. Os pacientes apresentaram um desempenho adequado no IGT, demonstrando ter uma boa capacidade de tomar decisão. No entanto, somente o paciente com LHD apresentou uma curva sugestiva de aprendizagem. Esses dados indicam que uma lesão subcortical independente do hemisfério pode não interferir no desempenho do IGT. Sugere-se que estudos de grupos sejam conduzidos buscando comparar pacientes com lesão frontal e não-frontal, auxiliando na caracterização do processo de tomada de decisão na população com lesão vascular unilateral.
This study aimed at conducting a comparative investigation of the decision-making process of two post-unilateral CVA adults as well as verifying the role of hemispheric laterality in the performance of Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). One adult with right hemisphere damage (RHD) and another with left hemisphere damage (LHD), both following a subcortical ischemic post-CVA. The IGT was used to evaluate the decision making. Patients had appropriate performance on the IGT suggesting a general good ability to make decisions. However, only the patient with LHD presented signs of ascendant learning curve. Conclusion: These data indicate that a subcortical lesion independent of the hemisphere may not influence on the IGT performance. It is suggested that comparative studies of groups should be conducted in order to compare patients with frontal and non-frontal lesions, helping to characterize the decision-making process in population with unilateral vascular damage.
Este estudio investiga comparativamente el proceso de toma de decisión de dos adultos post-AVC unilateral y verifica el papel de la lateralidad hemisférica en la performance del Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Participaron un adulto con lesión de hemisferio derecho (LHD) y otro con lesión de hemisferio izquierdo (LHE), ambos post-AVC isquémico subcortical. El IGT fue utilizado para evaluar la toma de decisión. Los pacientes presentaron un desempeño adecuado en el IGT, demostrando una buena capacidad de tomar decisiones. Sin embargo, solamente el paciente con LHD presentó una curva sugestiva de aprendizaje. Esos datos indican que una lesión subcortical independiente del hemisferio puede no interferir en el desempeño del IGT. Se sugiere que estudios comparativos de grupos sean conducidos buscando comparar pacientes con lesión frontal y no-frontal, auxiliando en la caracterización del proceso de toma de decisión en la población con lesión vascular unilateral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Decision Making , Dominance, Cerebral , Frontal Lobe , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology , StrokeABSTRACT
A percepção háptica é uma das bases fundamentais para a Avaliação Psicológica em indivíduos cegos. Todavia, o Brasil carece de instrumentos que usam esta modalidade de input sensorial na mensuração de habilidades cognitivas. O Portable Tactual Performance Test (P-TPT) é um teste que faz uso do sistema tátil da criança para avaliar a lateralização e as habilidades sensório-motoras, localização espacial, interconexão cerebral de informações entre os dois hemisférios e capacidade psicomotora comparada. Com o objetivo de analisar se este instrumento será eficaz nas mensurações propostas dentro da realidade brasileira, fizemos a aplicação em uma amostra de 32 crianças portadoras de deficiências visuais congênitas do Instituto Benjamin Constant no Rio de Janeiro. Analisamos os dados coletados com base em princípios da Teoria Clássica de Testes (TCT) sob os parâmetros da Psicometria estabelecidos na literatura. Utilizamos dois diferentes métodos de análise: Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), e Homogeneidade do teste através do coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados da AFE revelaram 4 diferentes fatores correspondendo ao número de tarefas do teste. Os itens ficaram dentro de seus respectivos fatores, mostrando boas cargas fatoriais que variaram entre 0,41 e 0,92. Quanto à Homogeneidade, os coeficientes Alfa de Cronbach ficaram acima de 0,90 mostrando boa consistência estrutural do teste. Através destes resultados, discutimos as características psicométricas do P-TPT e avaliamos se o teste terá valor na Avaliação Psicológica em crianças cegas no Brasil
Subject(s)
Motor Skills , Dominance, Cerebral , Education of Visually Disabled , Cognitive ScienceABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio fue identificar modelos de pensamiento y habilidades en correspondencia al puesto y área laboral, mediante la evaluación del instrumento Herrmann de Dominancia Cerebral HBDI (Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument, 1989), en una planta industrial de Ciudad Juárez, Chih. Participaron 176 gerentes y personal administrativo mexicanos. Se describen estadísticos de cuatro categorías de dominancia en tres áreas laborales. Se encontraron puntuaciones elevadas en las categorías lógico-controlador para todas las áreas laborales respecto a las habilidades interpersonales-holísticas, lo cual corresponde al manejo de dominancia cerebral del hemisferio cortical superior. Con una varianza total explicada del 76 por ciento en factorial confirmatorio y fiabilidad aceptable de la escala (alfa=.657), el instrumento fue identificado como versátil, económico y de fácil evaluación, al servir adecuadamente para selección, promoción, desarrollo organizacional y comprensión del clima laboral.
The objective of the study was to identify models of thought and abilities in correspondence to the position and labor area by means of the evaluation of the instrument Herrmann de Cerebral Dominance HBDI (Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument, 1989), in an industrial plant of City Juarez, Chih. To 176 Mexican managers and administrative personnel participated. They describe themselves statistical of four categories of dominance in three labor areas. Were scores elevated in the categories logical-controller for all the labor areas with respect to the interpersonal-holistic abilities, which corresponds to the handling of cerebral dominance of the superior cortical hemisphere. With an explained total variance of confirming factorial 76 percent in and acceptable reliability of the scale (alpha=.657), the instrument was identified like versatile, economic and of easy evaluation when being used suitably for selection, promotion, organizational development and understanding of the labor climate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Neuropsychology , Analysis of Variance , Aptitude , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Industry , Mexico , WorkplaceABSTRACT
The handedness recognition of visually perceived body parts engages motor representations that are constrained by the same biomechanical factors that limit the execution of real movements. In the present study, we used small plastic cutouts that represented the human hand to investigate the properties of mental images generated during their haptic exploration. Our working hypothesis was that any handedness recognition task that involves body parts depends on motor imagery. Forty-four blindfolded, right-handed volunteers participated in a handedness evaluation experiment using their index finger to explore either the back or palm view of a haptic stimulus that represented the human hand. The stimuli were presented in four different orientations, and we measured the subjects' response times. Our results showed that stimulus configurations that resemble awkward positions of the human hand are associated with longer response times (p < .006), indicating that the haptic exploration of stimuli that represent body parts also leads to motor imagery that is constrained by biomechanical factors
Subject(s)
Dominance, Cerebral , Touch Perception , Mirror NeuronsABSTRACT
Neuropsychology has traditionally studied language emphasizing the exclusive control of the left hemisphere of the brain over this process. With the growing development of this area in psychology and the availability of neuroimaging techniques, a critical analysis of the traditional concept of cerebral dominance for language and of the bases of the neurobiological representations of this cognitive function is crucial. In this context, this review aims to investigate evidence brought by neuroimaging studies on the role of the right hemisphere in communicative processing in healthy individuals. Data suggest a co-activation of brain hemispheres in this processing, with an important contribution given by the right hemisphere in discursive, pragmatic-inferential, and prosodic processing.
Subject(s)
Communication , Dominance, Cerebral , LanguageABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Determining language lateralization is important for the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy. The Wada test has been the gold standard for lateralization of language dominance before epilepsy surgery. However, it is an invasive test with risk, and have some limitations. METHODS: We compared the volumetric analysis with Wada test, and studied the clinical potential of volumetric analysis to assess language laterality in large surgical candidates with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To examine the efficacy of volumetric analysis to determine language lateralization during presurgical evaluation, we compared the volumetric analysis of the bilateral planum temporale with the results of Wada test in 59 patients with chronic intractable TLE (rTLE, n=32; lTLE, n=27) who underwent epilepsy surgery. We measured the gray matter volumes of planum temporale (PT) of each patients using the VoxelPlus2 program (Mevisys, Daejeon, Korea). RESULTS: Overall congruence of the volumetric analysis with the Wada test was 97.75% in rTLE patients and 81.5% in lTLE patients. There were more significant leftward asymmetry of the PT in rTLE patients than lTLE patients. In lTLE patients, relatively high proportion (37%) of the patients showed bilateral or right hemispheric language dominance. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that the volumetric analysis of the PT could be used as an alternatives in language lateralization. Also, the results of the Wada test suggested that there was considerable plasticity of language representation in the brains of patients with intractable TLE and it was associated with an earlier age of brain injury.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Brain Injuries , Dominance, Cerebral , Epilepsy , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Plastics , Temazepam , Temporal LobeABSTRACT
El presente artículo sintetiza los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación sobre la relación entre los perfiles de dominancia cerebral de los estudiantes de primero, quinto y décimo semestres del Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca de Bogotá, Colombia. Los estudiantes presentan un desarrollo apreciable en el cuadrante A; es decir, tienen mayor dominancia en el cuadrante cortical izquierdo. No obstante, se observa poca dominancia en el cuadrante cortical derecho D, lo cual supone que estos estudiantes presentan un estilo de pensamiento lógico, cualitativo, analítico, crítico, matemático y se basan en hechos concretos. Sin embargo, la visión holística, la imaginación, la creatividad, la prospectiva y la heurística indispensables en la óptima potenciación de las capacidades del cerebro total no son dominantes. Por otra parte, los resultados evidencian cambios poco significativos entre los estudiantes de primero, quinto y décimo semestres en cuanto a sus puntuaciones de dominancia cerebral o estilos de pensamiento. Diferentes fuentes teóricas han señalado que múltiples capacidades cognoscitivas y conductuales tienen un origen génico.
Subject(s)
Dominance, Cerebral , Thinking , Limbic System , ColombiaABSTRACT
La resonancia magnética convencional (RM) tiene una posición privilegiada entre las técnicas de diagnóstico en neuroimagen, debido a su alto detalle morfológico y a la capacidad de estudiar muchos procesos fisiológicos. El surgimiento de la resonancia magnética funcional (RMF), potencia aún más a la RM, al convertirla en una poderosa herramienta con capacidad de agrupar, en un solo examen, anatomía de alta resolución y función cerebral. En este artículo se describen los principios y algunas ventajas de la RMF en comparación con otras modalidades de imagen neurofuncional. Adicionalmente, se presentan los requerimientos locativos y de análisis básicos para la ejecución y posprocesamiento de los experimentos neurofuncionales más comunes en la práctica clínica. También se incluyen imágenes neurofuncionales realizadas por el Instituto de alta tecnología médica de Antioquia (IATM) en un grupo de voluntarios sanos y en dos casos patológicos. Por último, se mencionan algunas de las indicaciones prácticas de esta técnica, aún en intensa fase de desarrollo, investigación y validación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Mapping , Dominance, Cerebral , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT) ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This study was done to establish normative values for interaural TT values measured by means of infrared tympanic thermometry in resting normal subjects not engaged in any specific task. TT values were measured in 47 normal volunteers (20 men and 27 women, aged 39.38±12.57 years old) at rest; mean interaural differences of TT were calculated. Mean right ear TT was 36.85±0.50ºC and mean left ear TT was 36.74±0.57ºC; these values are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. Mean interaural TT difference was 0.25ºC (SD 0.21ºC). These findings indicate that maximal normal values for interaural TT differences, with confidence levels of 99 percent and 95 percent, are, respectively, 0.88 and 0.67ºC. The value of interaural differences of TT as a marker of asymmetrical hemispheric activity in neurological patients will have to be established by additional studies.
Estudos em humanos e outros primatas demonstraram que a realização de tarefas que causam ativação assimétrica fisiológica dos hemisférios cerebrais resulta em redução da temperatura timpânica (TT) ipsilateral ao hemisfério cerebral mais ativo. É possível que patologias que interfiram de modo assimétrico com o grau de atividade cerebral causem alterações similares da TT. Não existem, entretanto, estudos normativos da diferença normal aceitável de TT entre os tímpanos de um mesmo indivíduo em repouso. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer uma normatização dos valores bilaterais da TT, e principalmente das diferenças interauriculares desse parâmetro, obtidas por termometria timpânica por infravermelho, em indivíduos normais, na ausência de execução de tarefas específicas. Foram obtidas medidas da TT em 47 voluntários normais (20 homens e 27 mulheres, com média de idade de 39,38±12,57 anos) em repouso e calculadas as diferenças interauriculares, sua média e desvio-padrão. A TT média foi de 36,85±0,50ºC à direita e de 36,74± 0,57ºC à esquerda, o que está de acordo com dados da literatura. A média das diferenças de TT encontrada foi de 0,25ºC e o desvio padrão (DP) 0,21ºC. Com base nesses achados, os valores máximos considerados normais para a diferença interauricular da TT, com níveis de confiança de 99 por cento e de 95 por cento, são de 0,88ºC e 0,67ºC, respectivamente. A utilidade da medida da diferença interauricular da TT como marcador de assimetria da atividade cerebral em pacientes com patologias neurológicas deverá ser avaliada em estudos adicionais.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Temperature/physiology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Infrared Rays , Thermometers , Tympanic Membrane/physiology , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Identificar as regiões cerebrais responsáveis pelas funções de linguagem através de Ressonância Magnética funcional (RMf) em pacientes com epilepsia refratária de lobo temporal. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada RMf utilizando-se o paradigma de geração de verbos. Os pacientes ouviam palavras concretas e eram orientados a pensar na sua finalidade, sem verbalizar (ex: faca-cortar). Utilizou-se o cálculo de índice de lateralidade (IL) e a verificação do grau de ativação das áreas classicamente envolvidas na linguagem. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se que 92,3 por cento dos pacientes investigados apresentaram linguagem em hemisfério esquerdo, e 7,7 por cento, linguagem mista. Observou-se que existe maior freqüência de pacientes com ativação nas regiões de Broca esquerda, Córtex Pré-motor esquerdo, área de Wernicke esquerda e Córtex Auditivo esquerdo.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the brain regions for language functions with the functional Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI) in patients suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: During fMRI, patients performed a verb-generation task. They heard concrete words through headphones and were asked to think of their utility (e.g. pencil - to write), without verbalizing or making any facial or tongue movements, keeping silent and with eyes shut. A laterality index (LI) was calculated and we verify the brain regions activities for language. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results identified that that 92.3 percent of the patients analyzed by fMRI presented left hemisphere language and 7.7 percent presented mixed language representation. It was observed more patients with activation in left Broca area, left pré-motor cortex, left Wernicke area and left hearing cortex.